细菌感受态细胞摄取和分泌DNA的相关性研究I.含有质粒的枯草芽孢杆菌自然感受态缺陷突变株的诱变和分离

以携带ｐＵＢ１１０质粒的枯草芽孢杆菌ＢＲ１５１菌株为出发菌株,利用亚硝基胍作诱变剂,直接在ＬＢ平板上进行诱变。从２９４９个菌落中筛选出一个转化频率低于出发菌株２～３个数量级的突变株,并对其营养缺陷型、ＵＶ的敏感性及Ｋｍ抗性和质粒进行了检测,确证其转化能力降低为自然感受态缺陷而非营养缺陷型的改变或重组缺陷所致     

遗传工程微生物细胞间发生的自然遗传转化

将两株具有不同遗传标记的枯草芽孢杆菌在基本培养基中分别培养至对数生长后期后进行短时间混合静置培养,经选择平板筛选、DNaseI敏感性试验、质粒检测和产蛋白酶活性检测,发现两菌株之间可通过自然遗传转化进行染色体DNA和质粒DNA的交换。研究结果表明,自然遗传转化可在细胞间进行,这对揭示微生物群居的自然环境中可能存在的细胞间的DNA转移,以及正确评估遗传工程微生物(GEMs)的安全使用具有重要意义。 Abstract：The culture fluids of two genetically distinct Bacillus subtilis strains were mixed and coincubated for a short time after they reached post-exponentially growth phase in minimal media.The steadily bidirectional gene transfer involving chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA by natural genetic transformation between these two strains has been demonstrated by the methods of selective medium screening,DNaseI sensitivity test,plasmid detection and the detection of the capability of producing protease.This result indicates that natural genetic transformation occurs not only between“naked”DNA and cells but also between cells.This conclusion is significant in the assessment of both the possibility of intercelluar DNA transfer in natural habitats of microorganisms and the risk of the application of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs).     

多拷贝数质粒pWB29的分离及其特性的研究

在对pBR322质粒进行改建的过程中,分离得到一种多拷贝数质粒pWB29,其拷贝数比pBR322高5倍左右。经分子量测定及限制酶切分析表明,此多拷贝数质粒的分子量与pBR322相同,具有EcoRl, pstI单一限制酶切位点,其抗性标记为Ap^rTc^s,是pBR322的一种多拷贝数衍生质粒。     

诱导溶源性嗜盐古生菌产生噬菌体的方法

目的:用简单易行的诱导手段,从溶源性的嗜盐古生菌中诱导产生新的噬菌体,为分离嗜盐古生菌噬菌体提供一种新的途径.方法:分别用紫外线与丝裂霉素C对10株对数期的嗜盐古生菌菌株进行诱导,上清液采用双层平板法进行噬菌斑鉴定,并用脉冲场凝胶电泳对噬菌体基因组进行分析.结果:经1 μg/mL丝裂霉素C诱导的嗜盐古生菌融合子F5产生了一株新的嗜盐古生菌噬菌体SNJ1,该噬菌体能感染Natrinema属的菌株J7.结论:丝裂霉素C能诱导原噬菌体从宿主中分离,为嗜盐古生菌噬菌体分离提供了一条新的途径.     

以教材研究和建设为主线 全方位打造现代微生物学课程教学体系

近年来在多项国家级建设项目的支持下,我们充分利用自身基础,以教材研究和建设为主线,对各教学环节进行了全方位改革,建设了有自己特色的高水平立体化教材系列;构建了结构合理、教学与科研并重的高水平教学团队;建立了与现代教学技术相适应的教学方法和教学体系;创建了“研究性学习”的新模式,并有力地推动了全国微生物学教学水平的不断提高.     

嗜盐古菌R1中与真核同源基因rad25启动子的序列分析和启动活性研究

在盐生盐杆菌(Halobacterium halobium)R1中分析了真核同源基因rad25的转录,分析了rad25同源基因启动子片段的序列特征,用β_半乳糖苷酶基因(bgaH)为报告基因,利用启动子探针检测技术验证了rad25同源基因启动子片段在嗜盐古生菌WFD11中的启动功能;缺失分析进一步确认了rad25同源基因启动子具有嗜盐古菌启动子典型特征。从启动子和转录水平上证明盐生盐杆菌R1中真核同源基因rad25存在生物学功能,推测其可能在核苷酸切除修复(NER)起作用。     

武汉大学微生物学系列课程国家级教学团队的特色与建设思路

武汉大学微生物学系列课程国家级教学团队的特色与建设思路     

适合高产铁载体细菌筛选、检测体系的改进与探析

采用pH6．8的磷酸缓冲液代替通用CAS固体检测培养基中的MM9缓冲体系,不加哌嗪二乙醇磺酸,得到颜色稳定、检测效果明显、配制方便,适合高产铁载体细菌筛选与检测的新型检测平板。根据CAS检测液连续吸收光谱比较分析结果,将CAS液体定量检测体系中的检测波长由630nm改为680nm,可以克服OD630读数偏高、易受干扰的问题,而且OD680与铁载体浓度线性关系不变,但采用OD680检测不同细菌产铁载体能力的差异更为明显,因此提高了CAS定量检测的灵敏度,更适合高产铁载体细菌筛选与检测。     

Grasshopper （Orthoptera： Acrididae） biodiversity and grassland ecosystems

Interesting results may arise by combining studies on the structure and function of ecosystems with that of biodiversity for certain species. Grasshopper biodiversity is the result of the evolution of grassland ecosystems; however, it also impacts on the structure and the function of those ecosystems. We consider there to be a close relationship between the health of grassland ecosystems and grasshopper biodiversity. The main problems involved in this relationship are likely to include： （i） grasshopper biodiversity and its spatial pattern; （ii） the effect of grasshopper biodiversity on the ecological processes of grassland ecosystems; （iii） the biodiversity threshold of grasshopper population explosions; （iv） the relationship between grasshopper biodiversity and the natural and human factors that affect grassland ecosystems; and （v） grasshopper biodiversity and the health of grassland ecosystems. The solutions to these problems may provide sound bases for controlling disasters caused by grasshoppers and managing grassland ecosystems in the west of China. In this paper, we introduced two concepts for grasshopper biodiversity, that is, ＂spatial pattern＂ and ＂biodiversity threshold＂. It is helpful to understand the action of the spatial pattern of grasshopper biodiversity on the ecological processes of grassland ecosystems and the effect of this spatial pattern on the health of those ecosystems, owing to the fact that, in the west of China, grasslands are vast and grasshoppers are widely distributed. Moreover, we inferred that the change in the level of component richness at each type of grasshopper biodiversity can make an impact on grassland ecosystems, and therefore, there is likely to be a threshold to grasshopper biodiversity for the stability and the sustainability of those ecosystems.